द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे |
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतय: संशितव्रता: || 28||
Others offer their possessions in charity as a sacrifice; perform austerities and penance as a sacrifice; practice the eightfold mystic yoga system as a sacrifice; study the Vedas and acquire transcendental knowledge as a sacrifice; all enlightened beings and performers of strict vows.
The act of Donation is a Yagna.
The act of Fasting is a Yagna.
The act of practicing the eight-fold yog system (yam or forbearance, niyam or restraint, asan or postures, pranayam or breathing exercises, pratyahar or withdrawal, dharan or focused attention, dhayn or meditative absorption and samadhi or blissful state) is also a Yagna.
The act of Studying Vedic scriptures is also a Yagna.
The only thing that is common in all, to be called those various actions as Yagna, is that they are dedicated to Bhagwan.
Then there are those who persevere of unbreakable vows who are never deterred as mentioned in the last part of the shloka. Everyone has a chocice to follow.
When we perform an action that is to please the Bhagwan or that is dedicated to the Bhagwan, they become means of purification of the mind and senses and elevation of the soul.
These are the choices presented by Bhagwan Shri Krishna in this Shloka, to the person that is keen to attain the Moksha.
To summarize: The diverse paths for spiritual growth and self-realization include material offerings (Dravya Yagna), practices of austerity (Tapo Yagna), connecting with ultimate consciousness (Yoga Yagna), studying scriptures (Svadhyaya Yagna), cultivating Vedic knowledge (Jnana Yagna), and the dedicated perseverance of renunciates with firm resolve (Yatayah Samsita-vratah).
